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John Grass
John Grass, Mato Watakpe or Charging Bear (1836–May 10, 1918) was a chief of the Sihasapa (Blackfeet) band of Lakota people during the 1870s through 1890s.〔Merkel, Diane and Dietmar Schulte-Möhring. ("John Grass." ) ''American Tribes.'' 2009 (retrieved 3 Aug 2010)〕 He fought at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana. ==Background== Grass was known as Charging Bear in his youth. He was born near Grand River in South Dakota in 1836. Both his father, Sicola, and grandfather, Uses Him as a Shield, were important Sihasapa leaders.〔 When he was three years old, Grass was baptized at a Jesuit mission by Pierre-Jean De Smet, a Jesuit Father.〔 Grass married three sisters, including Cecilia Walking Shield in a Lakota ceremony in 1867, and in 1894 he and Cecilia renewed their marriage vows in a Roman Catholic ceremony. Some sources say Grass had four children;〔''Chief John Grass'' by Alfred Burton Welch and Everett R. Cox, Fort Berthold Library (2006)〕 others give a larger number but many died at a young age. One son was named Own's Spotted, and one daughter was named Theresa Grass-Cross.〔 John Grass attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he learned to read and speak English fluently. He utilized his knowledge of the English language on behalf of his people, when engaged in negotiations with the United States government.〔''We Pointed Them North: Recollections of a Cowpuncher'', by E. C. Abbott and Helena Huntington Smith. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1955. ISBN 0-8061-1366-9.〕
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